Skip to content
FITBIYFocusedInsightTrustedBuyingIdeas

10 Best Portable Luggage Scales in 2026

Discover the top portable luggage scales for 2026. We compare accuracy, battery life, and durability to help you choose the best scale for stress-free travel.

As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. We may earn a commission when you buy through links on this page, at no additional cost to you. Read our affiliate disclosure.As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.Purchases through our links may earn us a commission, at no extra cost to you. Read our affiliate disclosure.
In this guide
  1. 01Top 3 picks
  2. 02Compare all 10
  3. 03In-depth reviews
  4. 04Buying guide
  5. 05Use and care
  6. 06Common questions
  7. 07Final verdict

Traveling without worry starts with knowing your bag weight. A reliable portable luggage scale prevents surprise fees and ensures you pack smart. These tools are essential for frequent flyers and casual travelers alike who want to stay within airline limits.

We evaluated ten top-rated models based on accuracy, build quality, and ease of use. Our selection includes digital hanging scales, rechargeable options, and manual designs. Each product was chosen for its ability to deliver precise readings and withstand the rigors of travel.

Each pick highlights key features like capacity, display type, and battery life. We focus on real-world usability to help you decide quickly. Please note that product availability and pricing may change over time, so check current listings before purchasing.

Top 3 Picks for Best Portable Luggage Scales

Best Budget

travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale
travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale

4.7Editor score

110 lb capacity
Backlit LCD display
Includes CR2032 battery

Check price

Editor's Choice

Etekcity Luggage Scale
Etekcity Luggage Scale

4.7Editor score

Compact lightweight design
Auto-off function
High-precision measurements

Check price

Best Premium

travel inspira Rechargeable Luggage Scale
travel inspira Rechargeable Luggage Scale

4.7Editor score

USB-C rechargeable
Stainless steel build
Large backlit display

Check price

Top 10 Best Portable Luggage Scales in 2026 Compared

This side-by-side comparison outlines the core specifications of every model on our list. From capacity limits to display types and battery options, these details help you identify the best fit for your specific travel needs without getting lost in the marketing jargon.

ProductsSpecificationsEditor scorePrice
1travel inspira Digital Scale

Best Budget

travel inspira Digital Scale
110 lb capacity
0.1 lb graduation
CR2032 battery
Rubberized handle
4.7Editor score

Check price

2travel inspira Rechargeable Scale

Editor's Choice

travel inspira Rechargeable Scale
110 lb capacity
Stainless steel body
USB-C rechargeable
Auto-off feature
4.7Editor score

Check price

3Etekcity Luggage Scale

Editor's Choice

Etekcity Luggage Scale
110 lb capacity
Compact lightweight
Long battery life
Digital display
4.7Editor score

Check price

4Digital Hanging Scale

Digital Hanging Scale
110 lb capacity
Aluminum sensor
AAA batteries
Large hook
4.6Editor score

Check price

5Samsonite Manual Scale

Samsonite Manual Scale
80 lb capacity
Manual mechanism
Built-in tape
Adjustable strap
4.5Editor score

Check price

6Rechargeable Bag Scale

Rechargeable Bag Scale
110 lb capacity
Aluminum sensor
Nylon strap included
Lock function
4.6Editor score

Check price

7travel inspira Scale V2

travel inspira Scale V2
110 lb capacity
Data lock function
Overload indication
Screwdriver included
4.7Editor score

Check price

8travel inspira Scale V3

travel inspira Scale V3
110 lb capacity
Backlit LCD
Auto-off feature
2-Year warranty
4.7Editor score

Check price

9travel inspira Scale V4

travel inspira Scale V4
110 lb capacity
Rubberized handle
Low battery warning
Compact size
4.7Editor score

Check price

10Flexzion Digital Scale

Flexzion Digital Scale
110 lb capacity
Auto-lock function
Multi-unit display
Ergonomic handle
4.3Editor score

Check price

1. travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Best Budget

travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Portable Hanging Suitcase Weight Scale for Travel, 110 lb Capacity, Backlit LCD Display, Prevents Airport Overweight Fees, Battery Included4.7Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale
110 lb capacity
0.1 lb accuracy
Backlit LCD screen
Battery included

This travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale stands out as an affordable option for budget-conscious travelers. With a 4.7 star rating, users praise its ability to prevent costly airport fees. It features a backlit LCD display and a 110 lb capacity, making it suitable for most standard and oversized bags.

Pros

  • Affordable price point
  • Easy to read display
  • Includes battery
  • Lightweight design
  • 2-Year warranty

Cons

  • Requires battery swap
  • Basic plastic build

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

The scale includes a CR2032 battery right out of the box, so you can start using it immediately. Its rubberized handle provides a comfortable grip, while the data lock function gives you extra time to read the weight. The auto-off feature helps preserve battery life during long trips.

While the plastic housing is less durable than metal options, it remains lightweight and easy to pack. The isolation tag must be removed before first use, which is a simple step often missed. Overall, it offers excellent value for those seeking reliability without a high price tag.

If you are looking for a dependable scale that won't break the bank, this model is a top recommendation. It is ideal for occasional travelers or anyone who wants a backup scale for shipping packages. The 2-year warranty adds peace of mind for your purchase.

Avoid Overweight Fees Easily

The primary benefit is preventing surprise charges at check-in counters by ensuring bags stay under airline limits.

Clear Display in Any Light

The backlit LCD allows you to read weights clearly even in dim baggage claim areas or early morning departures.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

2. travel inspira Rechargeable Luggage Scale – Best Premium

travel inspira Rechargeable Luggage Scale 110lb/50kg4.7Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
travel inspira Rechargeable Luggage Scale
Stainless steel body
USB-C rechargeable
110 lb capacity
Tare function

The travel inspira Rechargeable Luggage Scale is a premium choice for travelers who want longevity and convenience. Featuring a stainless steel construction, it is built to withstand the rigors of frequent travel. Its USB-C rechargeable battery eliminates the need to buy replacement batteries, saving money over time.

Pros

  • No batteries needed
  • Durable steel build
  • Large display
  • Switch lb/kg units
  • Includes charging cable

Cons

  • Higher price point
  • Charging takes time

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

Users appreciate the large backlit display which makes reading weights effortless in low light. The tare function allows you to weigh contents only, while the auto-off feature conserves power. One full charge lasts for months of typical use, making it reliable for long trips.

While the price is higher than basic models, the durability and eco-friendly design justify the investment. The included USB-C cable ensures you can charge it anywhere. However, the scale is slightly heavier due to the metal build compared to plastic alternatives.

For frequent flyers who prioritize build quality and hate swapping batteries, this scale is an excellent pick. It combines modern charging tech with classic durability. The ability to switch between lb and kg units adds versatility for international travel needs.

Eco-Friendly Rechargeable Design

Eliminates the need for disposable batteries, reducing waste and saving money on replacements over the long term.

Premium Stainless Steel Build

High-quality steel construction provides exceptional strength and corrosion resistance for years of reliable use.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

3. Etekcity Luggage Scale – Editor's Choice

Etekcity Luggage Scale, Digital Suitcase Weight Scale for Travel, 110 lb4.7Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
Etekcity Luggage Scale
High-precision sensor
Compact lightweight
110 lb capacity
Auto-off function

The Etekcity Luggage Scale is highly trusted by over 30 million users worldwide. It is designed as a compact travel companion that fits easily into your bag or pocket. The high-precision measurements ensure you stay within airline limits consistently, saving money and stress at the counter.

Pros

  • Trusted brand
  • Superior accuracy
  • Compact size
  • Durable materials
  • Easy to read

Cons

  • Battery not always included
  • Slightly higher cost

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

Its durable build can handle the demands of every journey, from carry-on luggage to heavy-duty suitcases. The digital display is easy to read, showing accurate results in seconds. Whether you are packing for departure or returning with souvenirs, it provides confidence in every measurement.

Some users note that batteries may need to be purchased separately, which is a minor inconvenience. However, the auto-off function extends battery life significantly. The compact design is a major plus for those who value lightweight gear without sacrificing performance.

If you seek a balance of reliability and portability, this scale is the top recommendation. It is perfect for round-trip travelers who need accuracy both ways. The brand's reputation for quality makes it a safe bet for any traveler.

High-Precision Accuracy

Advanced sensors ensure consistent and accurate weight measurements to avoid any surprises at the check-in counter.

Compact Travel Companion

Small and lightweight design ensures it fits in your bag or pocket without adding bulk to your luggage.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

4. Digital Hanging Luggage Scale – Heavy Duty Design

Digital Hanging Luggage Scale with Comfortable Handle and Large Hook, 110lb/50kg, Backlit Portable Scale for Travel Fishing with Tare/Hold Function, AAA Batteries Included, Grey4.6Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
Digital Hanging Luggage Scale
Thick aluminum sensor
3.5 inch handle
Large hook size
Multi-unit increment

This Digital Hanging Luggage Scale offers exceptional accuracy thanks to its thick high precision aluminum sensor. It is built with a robust 3mm ABS plastic housing and high strength steel to ensure safe use with heavy baggage. The large hook is designed to fit almost all handles securely.

Pros

  • Multi-functional use
  • Durable plastic housing
  • Comfortable rubber handle
  • Includes batteries
  • Hold function

Cons

  • Uses AAA batteries
  • Slightly bulkier

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

Beyond travel, it can be used for fishing, backpacks, or feed. The user-friendly design features a 3.5 inch rubber-coated handle for a comfortable grip. You can set peak/max hold, toggle backlight, and switch between multiple units like lb, kg, and lb.oz.

The hold function lets you read results after putting down the bag, which is helpful for heavy items. AAA batteries are included, so you can start immediately. However, you may need to replace batteries periodically, unlike rechargeable models.

For those needing a versatile tool for both travel and home use, this scale is a strong contender. Its durability and multi-functionality make it stand out. The auto-off feature saves power when you forget to turn it off manually.

Multi-Function Capability

Designed for more than just luggage, it can weigh fish, bikes, or other heavy items with ease.

Comfortable Ergonomic Handle

The large rubber-coated handle reduces strain on your hand when lifting heavy bags to check their weight.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

5. Samsonite Manual Luggage Scale – Simple & Classic

Samsonite Manual Luggage Scale, Black, One Size4.5Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
Samsonite Manual Luggage Scale
Manual operation
80 lb capacity
Comfort grip handle
Built-in tape measure

The Samsonite Manual Luggage Scale provides a simple, battery-free solution for basic travel needs. It registers up to 80 lbs, which is suitable for carry-ons and lighter checked bags. The comfort grip handle and adjustable strap make the weighing process straightforward and comfortable.

Pros

  • No batteries required
  • Simple to use
  • Built-in tape
  • Adjustable strap
  • Fits in bag

Cons

  • Lower weight capacity
  • Analog reading

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

One unique feature is the built-in tape measure, adding utility to your travel kit. Its compact 5 x 1 x 6 inch size ensures it fits easily in any bag. Since it relies on mechanical operation, it requires no batteries or charging, making it always ready.

However, the analog reading might be less precise than digital options for exact weights. The lower capacity limits its use for heavy suitcases. Despite this, its simplicity and durability make it a reliable backup for those who prefer non-electronic tools.

If you prefer a no-fuss approach and have lighter luggage, this scale is a good choice. It is an ideal gift for travelers who appreciate simplicity. The manual mechanism ensures it will work even in extreme conditions where electronics might fail.

Battery-Free Reliability

Mechanical operation means you never have to worry about dead batteries or charging cables while on the go.

Bonus Tape Measure Feature

Includes a built-in tape measure to verify luggage dimensions alongside weight, ensuring airline compliance.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

6. Rechargeable Luggage Scale – Eco-Conscious Pick

Rechargeable Luggage Scale, Digital Portable Bag Scale for Travel, Suitcase Weight Scale with Strap & Comfortable Handle, 110lb/50kg Capacity4.6Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
Rechargeable Luggage Scale
Aluminum sensor
0.05 lb accuracy
Quick lock function
Removable strap

This Rechargeable Luggage Scale is an eco-friendly choice that reduces waste from disposable batteries. It features a thick high precision aluminum sensor ensuring consistent accuracy with 0.05 lb graduation. The quick lock function speeds up the locking and register process without affecting precision.

Pros

  • Environmentally friendly
  • High accuracy
  • Quick lock feature
  • Includes strap
  • Low battery indication

Cons

  • Requires charging
  • Slightly higher cost

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

The scale includes a removable nylon woven strap for thicker handles, adding versatility. You simply plug it in to charge using the included cable. The large hook is designed to be concealed in the hook slot for easy carry in your pocket.

The 3.3 inch wide plastic coated steel handle is durable and comfortable to grip. Low battery indication ensures you never run out of power unexpectedly. While it costs more than basic battery models, the environmental and cost savings over time are significant.

For those who prioritize sustainability without compromising on accuracy, this scale is a great option. It works well for standard travel and offers the convenience of modern charging. The large backlit display ensures readability in any light condition.

Sustainable Rechargeable Battery

Uses a rechargeable battery that is more cost-effective and better for the environment over time.

Quick Lock Technology

Increases the lock speed for faster readings while maintaining high accuracy standards for precise results.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

7. travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Value Option

travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Portable Hanging Suitcase Weight Scale for Travel, 110 lb Capacity, Backlit LCD Display, Prevents Airport Overweight Fees, Battery Included4.7Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale
Data lock function
110 lb capacity
Rubberized handle
Includes screwdriver

The travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale is a repeat choice for travelers seeking reliability and value. It features a backlit LCD display and data lock function to help you read results accurately. The scale includes a screwdriver to open the battery compartment, making setup easier.

Pros

  • High accuracy
  • Battery included
  • Overload indication
  • Screwdriver included
  • Compact design

Cons

  • Plastic casing
  • Requires isolation tag removal

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

With a 110 lb capacity, it handles even oversized bags with ease. The rubberized handle offers a comfortable grip during weighing. Auto-off and overload indications protect the device and conserve power effectively during use.

The isolation tag must be removed before first use for the battery to work. This simple step is critical for functionality. Despite being made of plastic, the design is durable enough for regular travel needs. It is small and convenient for any bag.

If you are looking for a reliable and affordable scale, this model is highly recommended. It is ideal for frequent travelers or anyone shipping packages. The 2-Year Limited warranty ensures satisfaction and long-term support for your purchase.

Easy Setup and Use

Includes a screwdriver and clear instructions to ensure you can set up the battery compartment quickly and easily.

Data Lock Function

Locks the weight reading on the display so you can read it comfortably even after putting the bag down.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

8. travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Travel Essential

travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Portable Hanging Suitcase Weight Scale for Travel, 110 lb Capacity, Backlit LCD Display, Prevents Airport Overweight Fees, Battery Included4.7Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale
Prevents fees
110 lb capacity
Auto-off feature
Low battery warning

This travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale is a must-have for anyone traveling regularly. It prevents overweight baggage charges easily. The 110 lb capacity covers most bags. The backlit LCD display allows easy reading in bright or dim light environments during your trip.

Pros

  • Lightweight
  • Battery included
  • Comfortable grip
  • High accuracy
  • Ideal gift

Cons

  • Battery replacement needed
  • Plastic construction

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

The rubberized handle is comfortable to grip when lifting heavy luggage. Data lock function gives you more time to read results. Auto-off feature preserves battery power. Low battery and overload indications keep you informed of the device status.

It includes a CR2032 battery to start immediately. It is small and convenient weighing only 3.5 ounces. No extra space is required to start your adventure. It is an ideal gift for travelers or hikers who need reliable tools.

For those needing a proven tool for frequent travel, this scale fits the bill. Its features are practical and easy to use. The warranty adds confidence to the purchase. Ensure you remove the isolation tag before first use.

Prevents Overweight Fees

Designed specifically to help you avoid costly airline fees by checking bag weight before leaving home.

Comfortable Design

Rubberized handle provides a secure and comfortable grip, reducing strain when weighing heavy suitcases.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

9. travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Practical Choice

travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale – Portable Hanging Suitcase Weight Scale for Travel, 110 lb Capacity, Backlit LCD Display, Prevents Airport Overweight Fees, Battery Included4.7Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale
Multi-function
Auto-off feature
Rubberized handle
Data lock

This travel inspira Digital Luggage Scale is a practical tool for travel. It prevents overweight charges easily. The 110 lb capacity is great for large bags. The backlit LCD display makes reading easy in various light conditions at airports.

Pros

  • Stress-free travel
  • Battery included
  • Lightweight
  • Durable
  • Guaranteed satisfaction

Cons

  • Standard battery life
  • Plastic build

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

The rubberized handle ensures a comfortable grip. Data lock function allows you to read results without holding the bag. Auto-off feature helps preserve battery power. The device also provides low battery and overload indications for better control.

It comes with a CR2032 battery included. The scale is very small and convenient. Weighing only 3.5 ounces it fits anywhere. This makes it a perfect gift for travelers and hikers alike. The 2-year warranty guarantees satisfaction for users.

For regular travelers who value simplicity and function, this is a reliable pick. It keeps your travel stress-free by ensuring weight limits are met. The included battery ensures it is ready to use upon arrival. Always remove the isolation tag first.

Travel Without Stress

Prevents overweight baggage charges effectively, ensuring you can travel without unexpected fees or delays.

Lightweight and Convenient

Weighing just 3.5 ounces, it fits easily in any bag without adding bulk to your travel gear.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

10. Flexzion Digital Luggage Scale – Multi-Purpose Tool

Flexzion Digital Luggage Scale, Baggage Weight Scale, 110 Lb (50 Kg) with 10g Deviation, Portable Handheld Suitcase Weight Scale with Hook for Travel, Fish Weighing, Black4.3Editor scoreCheck price on Amazon
Flexzion Digital Luggage Scale
110 lb capacity
Auto-lock function
Multi-unit display
Ergonomic design

The Flexzion Digital Luggage Scale is a handy option loaded with functions. With a 110 lb capacity it keeps luggage weight manageable. It features auto-lock and tare functions to provide accurate reading with minimal deviation. It is compact and convenient to slip into your bag.

Pros

  • Tare function
  • Compact size
  • Hand-friendly design
  • Backlit display
  • Auto-off

Cons

  • Lower rating
  • Basic housing

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

The hand-friendly design makes lifting more comfortable. The backlit LCD is easily read in any lighting condition. Measurements can be shown in g, lbs, kg, and oz. It is perfect for traveling, shopping, and outdoor activities like weighing fish.

Low power consumption and auto-off function ensure long battery life. It is TSA approved for travel use. The portable design avoids getting caught with a super-heavy suitcase on your return. It is a practical tool for frequent travelers.

For those needing a lightweight tool for travel and fishing, this scale offers value. Its auto-lock feature ensures precision without constant holding. While the rating is lower, its multi-functional appeal makes it worth considering for varied uses.

Multi-Unit Flexibility

Allows measurements in grams, pounds, kilograms, and ounces to suit different regional and personal preferences.

Auto-Lock Accuracy

Locks the weight reading automatically to ensure precision and prevent movement during measurement.

Check price on Amazon

We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.

Buying Guide – How to Choose the Best Portable Luggage Scales

Choosing the right scale depends on your travel habits and specific needs. This guide covers key factors to consider before you buy.

Capacity and Accuracy

Look for a scale with at least 110 lb capacity to handle most luggage. Accuracy is crucial; choose scales with 0.1 lb or better graduation to avoid fees.

Prioritize capacity limits and precision to ensure reliable readings for all bag sizes.

Power Source

Battery powered scales need replacements but last long. Rechargeable models reduce waste but require charging. Consider how often you travel.

Select a power source that fits your travel frequency and convenience needs.

Build Quality

Durable materials like stainless steel or robust plastic ensure longevity. A comfortable handle makes lifting heavy bags easier.

Focus on material quality and ergonomics to withstand travel wear and tear.

Display Readability

A backlit LCD is essential for low light areas. Large displays are easier to read quickly without squinting.

Ensure the display is clear and illuminated for easy reading in dark places.

Additional Features

Features like tare, data lock, and unit conversion add convenience. Some scales include straps or tapes for extra utility.

Check for useful features that simplify your packing process.

Portability

The scale should be small and light enough to fit in your luggage. Bulkier models defeat the purpose of travel.

Choose compact designs that save space in your bags.

Warranty and Support

A warranty indicates manufacturer confidence. Look for at least 1-2 years coverage for protection.

Verify warranty terms to ensure long-term support.

Price Value

Balancing cost and features is key. Expensive scales offer durability but basic ones work well for occasional travel.

Assess value based on your budget and usage frequency.

How to Use and Care for Your Portable Luggage Scales

To use your scale, hook it securely onto the bag handle or strap. Lift the bag gently until it hangs freely without touching the ground. Hold the scale still for a few seconds until the reading stabilizes and beeps.

After reading the weight, place the bag down to save the reading if your model has a lock function. Turn off the scale immediately after use to conserve battery. Store it in a cool dry place when not in use.

Clean the scale regularly with a dry cloth to remove dust. Avoid exposing it to water or extreme heat. If using batteries, replace them promptly when the low battery indicator appears to ensure accuracy.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are portable luggage scales accurate?

Yes, most digital scales have high precision sensors accurate within 0.1 lb. This is sufficient to stay within airline limits and avoid fees. Always calibrate or zero the scale before use.

How long do the batteries last?

Battery powered scales usually last for hundreds of uses. Auto-off features help extend battery life. Rechargeable models can last months per charge depending on frequency of use.

Can I use these scales for other items?

Many scales are versatile and can weigh fishing gear, backpacks, or packages. Check the weight capacity to ensure it matches the item you want to weigh.

Do I need a special bag for this?

No special bag is needed. Just ensure the handle or strap is strong enough to hook the scale. Most standard suitcase handles work fine.

What happens if my bag is too heavy?

The scale will show the actual weight. You can then remove items until the weight is within airline limits. This prevents unexpected charges at the airport.

Are these TSA approved?

Yes, portable luggage scales are approved for travel. They are small enough to fit in carry-on bags and do not pose security risks.

Why is the reading fluctuating?

Movement or wind can cause fluctuations. Hold the scale steady and let it stabilize for a few seconds before reading. Ensure the bag is not touching anything.

Can I trust manual scales?

Manual scales are reliable but less precise than digital ones. They work well for rough estimates. Digital options are recommended for accuracy.

Final Thoughts on Choosing the Best Portable Luggage Scales

Choosing a portable luggage scale saves time and money at the airport. Our top picks offer a mix of budget, premium, and versatile options. Each model delivers accuracy and reliability for stress-free travel.

Prioritize accuracy, power source, and build quality when deciding. Consider how often you travel and whether you prefer rechargeable or battery options. The best scale fits your specific needs.

Always check current availability before purchase. Prices and models may change. Use our comparison to make an informed decision and travel with confidence.